|
Have you been a
victim of Theft
or
charged with Penal
Code 186.9 - 186.10 in California?
Have your rights in California
been violated? Have you been falsely accused? We can help.
Contact Us
immediately
for a FREE case evaluation and answers
to your questions Find out
if you have a case in CALIFORNIA and what
to do if you do.
California
Penal Code 186.9 - 186.10
186.9. As used in this chapter:
(a) "Conducts" includes, but is not limited to, initiating,
concluding, or participating in conducting, initiating, or concluding
a transaction.
(b) "Financial institution" means, when located or doing business
in this state, any national bank or banking association, state bank
or banking association, commercial bank or trust company organized
under the laws of the United States or any state, any private bank,
industrial savings bank, savings bank or thrift institution, savings
and loan association, or building and loan association organized
under the laws of the United States or any state, any insured
institution as defined in Section 401 of the National Housing Act (12
U.S.C. Sec. 1724(a)), any credit union organized under the laws of
the United States or any state, any national banking association or
corporation acting under Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 601) of
Title 12 of the United States Code, any agency, agent or branch of a
foreign bank, any currency dealer or exchange, any person or business
engaged primarily in the cashing of checks, any person or business
who regularly engages in the issuing, selling, or redeeming of
traveler's checks, money orders, or similar instruments, any broker
or dealer in securities registered or required to be registered with
the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 or with the Commissioner of Corporations under Part 3
(commencing with Section 25200) of Division 1 of Title 4 of the
Corporations Code, any licensed transmitter of funds or other person
or business regularly engaged in transmitting funds to a foreign
nation for others, any investment banker or investment company, any
insurer, any dealer in gold, silver, or platinum bullion or coins,
diamonds, emeralds, rubies, or sapphires, any pawnbroker, any
telegraph company, any person or business regularly engaged in the
delivery, transmittal, or holding of mail or packages, any person or
business that conducts a transaction involving the transfer of title
to any real property, vehicle, vessel, or aircraft, any personal
property broker, any person or business acting as a real property
securities dealer within the meaning of Section 10237 of the Business
and Professions Code, whether licensed to do so or not, any person
or business acting within the meaning and scope of subdivisions (d)
and (e) of Section 10131 and Section 10131.1 of the Business and
Professions Code, whether licensed to do so or not, any person or
business regularly engaged in gaming within the meaning and scope of
Section 330, any person or business regularly engaged in pool selling
or bookmaking within the meaning and scope of Section 337a, any
person or business regularly engaged in horseracing whether licensed
to do so or not under the Business and Professions Code, any person
or business engaged in the operation of a gambling ship within the
meaning and scope of Section 11317, any person or business engaged in
controlled gambling within the meaning and scope of subdivision (d)
of Section 19805 of the Business and Professions Code, whether
registered to do so or not, and any person or business defined as a
"bank," "financial agency," or "financial institution" by Section
5312 of Title 31 of the United States Code or Section 103.11 of Title
31 of the Code of Federal Regulations and any successor provisions
thereto.
(c) "Transaction" includes the deposit, withdrawal, transfer,
bailment, loan, pledge, payment, or exchange of currency, or a
monetary instrument, as defined by subdivision (d), or the
electronic, wire, magnetic, or manual transfer of funds between
accounts by, through, or to, a financial institution as defined by
subdivision (b).
(d) "Monetary instrument" means United States currency and coin;
the currency, coin, and foreign bank drafts of any foreign country;
payment warrants issued by the United States, this state, or any
city, county, or city and county of this state or any other political
subdivision thereof; any bank check, cashier's check, traveler's
check, or money order; any personal check, stock, investment
security, or negotiable instrument in bearer form or otherwise in a
form in which title thereto passes upon delivery; gold, silver, or
platinum bullion or coins; and diamonds, emeralds, rubies, or
sapphires. Except for foreign bank drafts and federal, state, county,
or city warrants, "monetary instrument" does not include personal
checks made payable to the order of a named party which have not been
endorsed or which bear restrictive endorsements, and also does not
include personal checks which have been endorsed by the named party
and deposited by the named party into the named party's account with
a financial institution.
(e) "Criminal activity" means a criminal offense punishable under
the laws of this state by death or imprisonment in the state prison
or from a criminal offense committed in another jurisdiction
punishable under the laws of that jurisdiction by death or
imprisonment for a term exceeding one year.
(f) "Foreign bank draft" means a bank draft or check issued or
made out by a foreign bank, savings and loan, casa de cambio, credit
union, currency dealer or exchanger, check cashing business, money
transmitter, insurance company, investment or private bank, or any
other foreign financial institution that provides similar financial
services, on an account in the name of the foreign bank or foreign
financial institution held at a bank or other financial institution
located in the United States or a territory of the United States.
186.10. (a) Any person who conducts or attempts to conduct a
transaction or more than one transaction within a seven-day period
involving a monetary instrument or instruments of a total value
exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or a total value exceeding
twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) within a 30-day period,
through one or more financial institutions (1) with the specific
intent to promote, manage, establish, carry on, or facilitate the
promotion, management, establishment, or carrying on of any criminal
activity, or (2) knowing that the monetary instrument represents the
proceeds of, or is derived directly or indirectly from the proceeds
of, criminal activity, is guilty of the crime of money laundering.
The aggregation periods do not create an obligation for financial
institutions to record, report, create, or implement tracking systems
or otherwise monitor transactions involving monetary instruments in
any time period. In consideration of the constitutional right to
counsel afforded by the Sixth Amendment to the United States
Constitution and Section 15 of Article I of the California
Constitution, when a case involves an attorney who accepts a fee for
representing a client in a criminal investigation or proceeding, the
prosecution shall additionally be required to prove that the monetary
instrument was accepted by the attorney with the intent to disguise
or aid in disguising the source of the funds or the nature of the
criminal activity.
A violation of this section shall be punished by imprisonment in a
county jail for not more than one year or in the state prison, by a
fine of not more than two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000)
or twice the value of the property transacted, whichever is greater,
or by both that imprisonment and fine. However, for a second or
subsequent conviction for a violation of this section, the maximum
fine that may be imposed is five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000)
or five times the value of the property transacted, whichever is
greater.
(b) Notwithstanding any other law, for purposes of this section,
each individual transaction conducted in excess of five thousand
dollars ($5,000), each series of transactions conducted within a
seven-day period that total in excess of five thousand dollars
($5,000), or each series of transactions conducted within a 30-day
period that total in excess of twenty-five thousand dollars
($25,000), shall constitute a separate, punishable offense.
(c) (1) Any person who is punished under subdivision (a) by
imprisonment in the state prison shall also be subject to an
additional term of imprisonment in the state prison as follows:
(A) If the value of the transaction or transactions exceeds fifty
thousand dollars ($50,000) but is less than one hundred fifty
thousand dollars ($150,000), the court, in addition to and
consecutive to the felony punishment otherwise imposed pursuant to
this section, shall impose an additional term of imprisonment of one
year.
(B) If the value of the transaction or transactions exceeds one
hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000) but is less than one
million dollars ($1,000,000), the court, in addition to and
consecutive to the felony punishment otherwise imposed pursuant to
this section, shall impose an additional term of imprisonment of two
years.
(C) If the value of the transaction or transactions exceeds one
million dollars ($1,000,000), but is less than two million five
hundred thousand dollars ($2,500,000), the court, in addition to and
consecutive to the felony punishment otherwise imposed pursuant to
this section, shall impose an additional term of imprisonment of
three years.
(D) If the value of the transaction or transactions exceeds two
million five hundred thousand dollars ($2,500,000), the court, in
addition to and consecutive to the felony punishment otherwise
prescribed by this section, shall impose an additional term of
imprisonment of four years.
(2) (A) An additional term of imprisonment as provided for in this
subdivision shall not be imposed unless the facts of a transaction
or transactions, or attempted transaction or transactions, of a value
described in paragraph (1), are charged in the accusatory pleading,
and are either admitted to by the defendant or are found to be true
by the trier of fact.
(B) An additional term of imprisonment as provided for in this
subdivision may be imposed with respect to an accusatory pleading
charging multiple violations of this section, regardless of whether
any single violation charged in that pleading involves a transaction
or attempted transaction of a value covered by paragraph (1), if the
violations charged in that pleading arise from a common scheme or
plan and the aggregate value of the alleged transactions or attempted
transactions is of a value covered by paragraph (1).
(d) All pleadings under this section shall remain subject to the
rules of joinder and severance stated in Section 954.
Did You Know?
- In most cases,
the best way to protect your rights is to hire a California
attorney?
Contact Us
immediately
for a FREE case evaluation and answers
to your questions Find out
if you have a case in CALIFORNIA and what
to do if you do.
California
Lawyer - Cities We Serve:
|
Get answers to your
questions about California Sex Crimes. Don't Wait, you have certain
rights that you may lose in time.
California White Collar Crimes
California
Sex Crimes
|
