22100.  Except as provided in Section 22100.5 or 22101, the driver
of any vehicle intending to turn upon a highway shall do so as
follows:
   (a) Right Turns.  Both the approach for a right-hand turn and a
right-hand turn shall be made as close as practicable to the
right-hand curb or edge of the roadway except:
   (1) Upon a highway having three marked lanes for traffic moving in
one direction which terminates at an intersecting highway
accommodating traffic in both directions, the driver of a vehicle in
the middle lane may turn right into any lane lawfully available to
traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered.
   (2) When a right-hand turn is made from a one-way highway at an
intersection, a driver shall approach the turn as provided in
subdivision (a) and shall complete the turn in any lane lawfully
available to traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being
entered.
   (3) Upon a highway having an additional lane or lanes marked for a
right turn by appropriate signs or markings, the driver of a vehicle
may turn right from any lane designated and marked for that turning
movement.
   (b) Left Turns.  The approach for a left turn shall be made as
close as practicable to the left-hand edge of the extreme left-hand
lane or portion of the roadway lawfully available to traffic moving
in the direction of travel of such vehicle and, when turning at an
intersection, the left turn shall not be made before entering the
intersection.  After entering the intersection, the left turn shall
be made so as to leave the intersection in a lane lawfully available
to traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered,
except:
   (1) Upon a highway having three marked lanes for traffic moving in
one direction which terminates at an intersecting highway
accommodating traffic in both directions, the driver of a vehicle in
the middle lane may turn left into any lane lawfully available to
traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered.




22100.5.  No driver shall make a U-turn at an intersection
controlled by official traffic signals except as provided in Section
21451, and then only from the far lefthand lane that is lawfully
available to traffic moving in the direction of travel from which the
turn is commenced.  No driver shall make a U-turn at an intersection
controlled by official traffic control devices except from the far
lefthand lane that is lawfully available to traffic moving in the
direction of travel from which the turn is commenced.



22101.  (a) The Department of Transportation or local authorities in
respect to highways under their respective jurisdictions, may cause
official traffic control devices to be placed or erected within or
adjacent to intersections to regulate or prohibit turning movements
at such intersections.
   (b) When turning movements are required at an intersection notice
of such requirement shall be given by erection of a sign, unless an
additional clearly marked traffic lane is provided for the approach
to the turning movement, in which event notice as applicable to such
additional traffic lane shall be given by any official traffic
control device.
   (c) When right- or left-hand turns are prohibited at an
intersection notice of such prohibition shall be given by erection of
a sign.
   (d) When official traffic control devices are placed as required
in subdivisions (b) or (c), it shall be unlawful for any driver of a
vehicle to disobey the directions of such official traffic control
devices.


22102.  No person in a business district shall make a U-turn, except
at an intersection, or on a divided highway where an opening has
been provided in accordance with Section 21651.  This turning
movement shall be made as close as practicable to the extreme
left-hand edge of the lanes moving in the driver's direction of
travel immediately prior to the initiation of the turning movement,
when more than one lane in the direction of travel is present.



22103.  No person in a residence district shall make a U-turn when
any other vehicle is approaching from either direction within 200
feet, except at an intersection when the approaching vehicle is
controlled by an official traffic control device.




22104.  No person shall make a U-turn in front of the driveway
entrance or approaches to a fire station.  No person shall use the
driveway entrance or approaches to a fire station for the purpose of
turning a vehicle so as to proceed in the opposite direction.




22105.  No person shall make a U-turn upon any highway where the
driver of such vehicle does not have an unobstructed view for 200
feet in both directions along the highway and of any traffic thereon.



22106.  No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked
on a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway until
such movement can be made with reasonable safety.



22107.  No person shall turn a vehicle from a direct course or move
right or left upon a roadway until such movement can be made with
reasonable safety and then only after the giving of an appropriate
signal in the manner provided in this chapter in the event any other
vehicle may be affected by the movement.



22108.  Any signal of intention to turn right or left shall be given
continuously during the last 100 feet traveled by the vehicle before
turning.


22109.  No person shall stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a
vehicle on a highway without first giving an appropriate signal in
the manner provided in this chapter to the driver of any vehicle
immediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give the signal.




22110.  (a) The signals required by this chapter shall be given by
signal lamp, unless a vehicle is not required to be and is not
equipped with turn signals.  Drivers of vehicles not required to be
and not equipped with turn signals shall give a hand and arm signal
when required by this chapter.
   (b) In the event the signal lamps become inoperable while driving,
hand and arm signals shall be used in the manner required in this
chapter.


22111.  All required signals given by hand and arm shall be given
from the left side of a vehicle in the following manner:
   (a) Left turn--hand and arm extended horizontally beyond the side
of the vehicle.
   (b) Right turn--hand and arm extended upward beyond the side of
the vehicle, except that a bicyclist may extend the right hand and
arm horizontally to the right side of the bicycle.
   (c) Stop or sudden decrease of speed signal--hand and arm extended
downward beyond the side of the vehicle.



22112.  (a) On approach to a schoolbus stop where pupils are loading
or unloading from a schoolbus, the schoolbus driver shall activate
an approved amber warning light system, if the schoolbus is so
equipped, beginning 200 feet before the schoolbus stop.  The
schoolbus driver shall deactivate the amber warning light system
after reaching the schoolbus stop.  The schoolbus driver shall
operate the flashing red light signal system and stop signal arm, as
required on the schoolbus, at all times when the schoolbus is stopped
for the purpose of loading or unloading pupils.  The flashing red
light signal system, amber warning lights system, and stop signal arm
shall not be operated at any place where traffic is controlled by a
traffic officer or at any location identified in subdivision (e) of
this section.  The schoolbus flashing red light signal  system, amber
warning lights system, and stop signal arm shall not be operated at
any other time.
   (b) The schoolbus driver shall stop to load or unload pupils only
at a schoolbus stop designated for pupils by the school district
superintendent or authorized by the superintendent for school
activity trips.
   (c) When a schoolbus is stopped on a highway or private road for
the purpose of loading or unloading pupils, at a location where
traffic is not controlled by a traffic officer, the driver shall,
before opening the door, ensure that the flashing red light signal
system and stop signal arm are activated, and that it is safe to
enter or exit the schoolbus.
   (d) When a schoolbus is stopped on a highway or private road for
the purpose of loading or unloading pupils, at a location where
traffic is not controlled by a traffic officer or official traffic
control signal, the schoolbus driver shall do all of the following:
   (1) Escort all pupils in prekindergarten, kindergarten, or any of
grades 1 to 8, inclusive, who need to cross the highway or private
road upon which the schoolbus is stopped.  The driver shall use an
approved hand-held "STOP" sign while escorting all pupils.
   (2) Require all pupils who need to cross the highway or private
road upon which the schoolbus is stopped to walk in front of the bus
as they cross.
   (3) Ensure that all pupils who need to cross the highway or
private road upon which the schoolbus is stopped have crossed safely,
and that all other pupils and pedestrians are a safe distance from
the schoolbus before setting the schoolbus in motion.
   (e) Except at a location where pupils are loading or unloading
from a schoolbus and must cross a highway or private road upon which
the schoolbus is stopped, the schoolbus driver may not activate the
amber warning light system, the flashing red light signal system and
stop signal arm at any of the following locations:
   (1) Schoolbus loading zones on or adjacent to school grounds or
during an activity trip, if the schoolbus is lawfully stopped or
parked.
   (2) Where the schoolbus is disabled due to mechanical breakdown.
The driver of a relief bus that arrives at the scene to transport
pupils from the disabled schoolbus shall not activate the amber
warning light system, the flashing red light system, and stop signal
arm.
   (3) Where a pupil requires physical assistance from the driver or
authorized attendant to board or leave the schoolbus and providing
the assistance extends the length of time the schoolbus is stopped
beyond the time required to load or unload a pupil that does not
require physical assistance.
   (4) Where the roadway surface on which the bus is stopped is
partially or completely covered by snow or ice and requiring traffic
to stop would pose a safety hazard as determined by the schoolbus
motor carrier.
   (5) On a state highway with a posted speed limit of 55 miles per
hour or higher where the schoolbus is completely off the main
traveled portion of the highway.
   (6) Any location determined by a school district, with the
approval of the Department of the California Highway Patrol, to
present a traffic or safety hazard.
   (f) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) to (d), inclusive, the
Department of the California Highway Patrol may require the
activation of an approved flashing amber warning light system, if the
schoolbus is so equipped, or the flashing red light signal system
and stop signal arm, as required on the schoolbus, at any location
where the department determines that the activation is necessary for
the safety of school pupils loading or unloading from a schoolbus.



22113.  This chapter does not prevent local authorities, by
ordinance, from prohibiting the making of any turning movement by any
vehicle at any intersection or between any designated intersections.